Role of Autophagy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Metabolic Clash

Yousef Abud Alanazi; Haydar M Al-Kuraishy; Ali I Al-Gareeb; Athanasios Alexiou; Marios Papadakis; Mostafa M Bahaa; Walaa A Negm; Faisal Holil AlAnazi; Mohammed Alrouji; Gaber El-Saber Batiha

doi:10.1111/jcmm.70240

Role of Autophagy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Metabolic Clash

J Cell Mol Med. 2024 Dec;28(23):e70240. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.70240.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
³ University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
⁴ Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece.
⁵ Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany.
⁶ Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
⁷ Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, Egypt.

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is developed due to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction with subsequent hyperglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress enhances inflammatory disorders, leading to further pancreatic β cell dysfunction. These changes trigger autophagy activation, which recycles cytoplasmic components and injured organelles. Autophagy regulates pancreatic β cell functions by different mechanisms. Though the exact role of autophagy in T2DM is not completely elucidated, that could be beneficial or detrimental. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the exact role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of T2DM.

Keywords: autophagy; pancreatic β cell; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Autophagy*
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / pathology
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress*
Humans
Hyperglycemia / metabolism
Hyperglycemia / pathology
Insulin Resistance*
Insulin-Secreting Cells* / metabolism
Insulin-Secreting Cells* / pathology
Oxidative Stress*

Grants and funding

Universität Witten/Herdecke