Omics based technology application in poultry meat research

Huaijun Zhou; Austin Quach; Mahesh Nair; Behnam Abasht; Byungwhi Kong; Brian Bowker

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2024.104643

Omics based technology application in poultry meat research

Poult Sci. 2024 Dec 5;104(1):104643. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104643. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Huaijun Zhou¹, Austin Quach², Mahesh Nair³, Behnam Abasht⁴, Byungwhi Kong⁵, Brian Bowker⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
² Dalton Bioanalytics Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA.
³ Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
⁴ Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
⁵ USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Quality & Safety Assessment Research Unit, Athens, GA, USA. Electronic address: byungwhi.kong@usda.gov.
⁶ USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Quality & Safety Assessment Research Unit, Athens, GA, USA.

Abstract

Omics techniques, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, analyze entire sets of biological molecules to seek comprehensive knowledge on a particular phenotype. These approaches have been extensively utilized to identify both biomarkers and biological mechanisms for various physiological conditions in livestock and poultry. The purpose of this symposium was not only to focus on how recent omics technologies can be used to gather, integrate, and interpret data produced by various methodologies in poultry research, but also to highlight how omics and bioinformatics have increased our understanding of poultry meat quality problems and other complex traits. This Poultry Science Association symposium paper includes 5 sections that cover: 1) functional annotation of cis-regulatory elements in the genome informs genetic control of complex traits in poultry, 2) mass spectrometry for proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, 3) proteomic approaches to investigate meat quality, 4) spatial transcriptomics and metabolomics studies of wooden breast disease, and 5) multiomics analyses on chicken meat quality and spaghetti meat. These topics provide insights into the molecular components that contribute to the structure, function, and dynamics of the underlying mechanisms influencing meat quality traits, including chicken breast myopathies. This information will ultimately contribute to improving the quality and composition of poultry products.

Keywords: Genetic control; Lipidomics; Meat quality; Metabolomics; Multiomics; Proteomics; Transcriptomics; genomics.