Pathologic mast cells and basophils, key effector cells in allergic reactions, play pivotal roles in initiating and perpetuating IgE-mediated allergic responses. Conventional therapies for allergies have limitations, prompting exploration into alternative approaches such as small-molecule natural compounds derived from botanical sources. This review synthesizes the existing literature on the effects of these compounds on pathologic mast cells and basophils, highlighting their potential in allergy management, and utilizes the PubMed database for literature acquisition, employing keyword-based searches to identify relevant peer-reviewed sources. Additionally, mechanistic insights were evaluated to contextualize how small-molecule natural compounds can inhibit mast cell/basophil activation, degranulation, and signaling pathways crucial for IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Small-molecule natural compounds exhibit promising anti-allergic effects, yet despite these findings, challenges persist in the development and translation of natural compound-based therapies, including bioavailability and standardization issues. Future research directions include optimizing dosing regimens, exploring synergistic effects with existing therapies, and employing systems pharmacology approaches for a holistic understanding of their mechanisms of action. By harnessing the therapeutic potential of small-molecule natural compounds, effective treatments for allergic diseases may be realized, offering hope for individuals with allergies.
Keywords: allergic diseases; mast cell/basophil activation; pathologic IgE; small-molecule natural compounds.