Study on the mechanism of lactic acid bacteria and their fermentation broth in alleviating hyperuricemia based on metabolomics and gut microbiota

Lijuan Rao; Biao Dong; Yanru Chen; Jiajing Liao; Chen Wang; Guiming Fu; Yin Wan

doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1495346

Study on the mechanism of lactic acid bacteria and their fermentation broth in alleviating hyperuricemia based on metabolomics and gut microbiota

Front Nutr. 2024 Dec 4:11:1495346. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1495346. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Lijuan Rao¹, Biao Dong¹, Yanru Chen¹, Jiajing Liao¹, Chen Wang¹, Guiming Fu^{1

2}, Yin Wan¹

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
² International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.

Abstract

Introduction: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disease caused by purine metabolism disorders in the body. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their fermentation broth have the potential to alleviate hyperuricemia, but the potential mechanism of action is still unclear.

Methods: The LAB with high inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase (XOD) were screened out. Then the fermentation broth, fermentation supernatant and fermentation bacteria after fermentation of these LAB were administered into HUA mice, respectively.

Results: Lactobacillus reuteri NCUF203.1 and Lactobacillus brevis NCUF207.7, of which fermentation supernatant had high inhibitory activity against XOD, were screened out and administered into HUA mice. Among them, L. reuteri strain, L. reuteri fermentation broth, L. brevis fermentation broth and L. brevis fermentation supernatant could significantly reduce serum uric acid levels and inhibited the liver XOD activity in HUA mice. The GC-MS metabolomics analysis of colon contents showed that supplementation of these four substances could partially reverse the down-regulation of energy metabolism pathways such as ketone body metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and citric acid cycle in HUA mice. It could also regulate amino acid metabolism pathways such as alanine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glycine and serine metabolism, and repair the disorders of amino acid metabolism caused by HUA. In addition, the intervention of L. brevis fermentation broth and L. brevis fermentation supernatant may also accelerate the catabolism of uric acid in the intestine by up-regulating the urea cycle pathway. Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that their intervention increased the diversity of gut microbiota in HUA mice and alleviated the gut microbiota dysregulation caused by HUA.

Discussion: These results indicated that the LAB and their fermentation broth may play a role in alleviating HUA by regulating intestinal metabolism and gut microbiota.

Keywords: Lactobacillus brevis; Lactobacillus reuteri; gut microbiota; hyperuricemia; metabolomics.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 32060540).