Shifts in the ecological drivers influence the response of tree and soil carbon dynamics in central Himalayan forests

Anand Shankar; Satish Chandra Garkoti

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123755

Shifts in the ecological drivers influence the response of tree and soil carbon dynamics in central Himalayan forests

J Environ Manage. 2024 Dec 18:373:123755. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123755. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Anand Shankar¹, Satish Chandra Garkoti²

Affiliations

¹ School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India. Electronic address: anandshanker.dav@gmail.com.
² School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India. Electronic address: sgarkoti@yahoo.com.

PMID: 39700932
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123755

Abstract

Understanding and regulating global carbon relies crucially on comprehending the components and services of forest ecosystems. In particular, interactions that govern carbon storage in trees, soil, and microbes, driven by factors like vegetation structure, function, and soil characteristics, remain poorly understood, especially in the central Himalayas. To address this gap, we investigated carbon storage in tree aboveground biomass, root biomass, and soil across different vegetation types. We also examined how vegetation parameters {vegetation diversity (H'), diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area (BA), and biomass}, and soil characteristics {bulk density (BD), moisture (M_o), pH, and total nitrogen (N)} might influence forest carbon storage. Our study, based on 14 plots (0.1 ha each) spanning four distinct vegetation types {Sal forest (SF, 3), Chir-pine forest (PF, 4), Nepalese-alder forest (AF, 3), and Banj-oak forest (OF, 4)} in the central Himalaya, revealed several key insights. Tree carbon storage ranged from ∼79 to 261 Mg C ha^-1, accounting for 41-65% of forest carbon storage, while soil carbon storage ranged from ∼28 to 69 Mg C ha^-1, contributing 35-58%. These values varied with vegetation types and were influenced by the vegetation and soil characteristics associated with each forest type. Important contributors to tree and soil carbon storage included soil M_o, N, and vegetation structural diversity (H', BA), explaining 8-64 % of the variation. Path analysis indicated that increased vegetation diversity, soil properties, and conservative traits (fine roots and leaves) strongly influence tree and soil carbon storage. The study highlights the potential complex system to optimizing carbon storage in natural forest ecosystems, offering valuable insight for managing carbon sinks. Further research is needed to fully understand ecosystem responses to carbon storage across different forest habitats and different spatial-temporal scales.

Keywords: Carbon storage; Mountain ecosystems; Niche complementarity effect; Soil physicochemical properties; Vegetation attributes; Vegetation-soil interactions.