Objective: The objective of this research is to study the prevalence and risk factors of psychosocial and behavioral problems in children and adolescents of different ages and genders to provide a scientific foundation for more targeted psychological interventions and social support in the future. Methods: From April 21 to May 31, 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified random sampling method in five cities (Beijing City, Changchun City, Baicheng City, Shenyang City, Hohhot City) across four provinces in Northern China (Beijing, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia). The study was conducted using an online questionnaire among children and adolescents aged 6-16 years. Self-made social and life characteristics questionnaire and Achenbach Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) (for parent) was utilized to investigate the prevalence of psychosocial and behavioral problems and relative influencing factors. Using stepwise regression analysis to screen potential factors affecting the psychosocial and behavioral health of children and adolescents and logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the risk factors associated while controlling for confounding variables. Results: A total of 10 492 questionnaires were distributed in this study. Among the 8 593 valid questionnaires collected, there were 4 385 males (51.03%) and 4 208 females (48.97%). The sample consisted of 3 348 children aged 6-11 years old and 5 245 children aged 12-16 years old. Out of these participants, 688 individuals (8.01%) were detected positive. In the 6-11 age group, 1 762 boys were assessed, revealing 142 positive cases (8.06%), while 1 586 girls were assessed, with 84 positive cases (5.30%). In the 12-16 age group, 2 623 boys were evaluated, resulting in 237 positive cases (9.04%), and 2 622 girls were evaluated, with 225 positive cases (8.58%). Overall, boys had a higher prevalence rate than girls did, with older age groups showing higher rates compared to younger ones. Logistic regression analysis identified six significant risk factors: parent-child conflict (OR=4.207, 95%CI: 3.583-4.940), irregular diet patterns(OR=1.862, 95%CI: 1.566-2.213), parental mental illness history(OR=5.381, 95%CI: 2.673-10.83), sleep disorders(OR=4.664, 95%CI: 4.194-5.187), and excessive screen exposure(OR=1.863, 95%CI: 1.577-2.200) were found to be risk factors; whereas having more close friends (OR=0.510, 95%CI: 0.431-0.603) acted as a protective factor. Conclusions: Psychosocial and behavioral problems in children and adolescents will change with social conditions, with continuous attention required to prevent risk factors. Precise intervention and integral support should be implemented by families, schools and society to provide more accurate protection for children and adolescents.
目的： 研究不同年龄和性别儿童青少年的心理行为问题特点及其影响因素，为今后进行更有针对性的心理干预和社会支持提供科学依据。 方法： 采用横断面研究，通过分层随机抽样方法，应用网络问卷调查的方式，于2023年4月21日至5月31日通过自编社会生活特征问卷和家长版Achenbach儿童行为量表（Child Behavior Check List，CBCL）对我国北方四省直辖市（北京、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古）的五个城市（北京、长春、白城、沈阳、呼和浩特）中6~16岁儿童和青少年社会生活特征以及心理行为问题进行调查，旨在探讨不同心理行为问题的检出率及其总体特征，同时分析相关影响因素。利用逐步回归分析筛选可能影响儿童青少年心理健康的影响因素，采用logistic回归分析心理行为问题的危险因素，并对混杂因素进行校正。 结果： 本研究共发放问卷10 492份，根据CBCL量表年龄范围（6~16岁）以及问卷填写质量，最终获得有效问卷8 593份，其中男4 385名（51.03%），女4 208名（48.97%），6~11岁组3 348名，12~16岁5 245名。儿童心理行为问题检出688名（8.01%），其中：6~11岁组男孩1 762名，心理行为问题检出142名（8.06%），女孩1 586名，检出84名（5.30%）；12~16岁组男孩2 623名，心理行为问题检出237名（9.04%），女孩2 622名，检出225名（8.58%）。整体阳性检出率男孩高于女孩，大年龄段高于小年龄段。通过logistic回归分析确定六个显著性风险因素：亲子冲突（OR=4.207，95%CI：3.583~4.940）、饮食习惯（OR=1.862，95%CI：1.566~2.213）、父母精神疾病患病史（OR=5.381，95%CI：2.673~10.83）、睡眠问题（OR=4.664，95%CI：4.194~5.187）、屏幕暴露（OR=1.863，95%CI：1.577~2.200）为危险因素，亲密朋友数量（OR=0.510，95%CI：0.431~0.603）为保护性因素。 结论： 儿童青少年心理行为问题受不同时期社会环境改变的影响，但部分针对儿童心理行为问题的风险因素会长期持续存在，应有针对性地干预并联合家庭、学校、社会，为儿童青少年提供更加精准的心理行为预防和干预措施。.