1 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. hohbey@gmail.com.
2 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. hohbey@gmail.com.
3 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
4 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
5 Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
6 TXP Medical Co., Ltd., 41-1 H1O Kanda 706, Kanda Higashimatsushita-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-0042, Japan.
7 Department of Real-World Evidence, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
8 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
9 Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
10 Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.