Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbonyl sulfide (COS), and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) are the primary sulfur compounds found in seawater, which cause pitting corrosion on the oxide passivation film of titanium, known as "the marine metals". In this study, density functional theory (DFT) was used to analyze the adsorption and surface electronic properties of these three small molecules on the anatase TiO2(101) surface. The analysis was conducted through adsorption energy, work function, Mulliken charge population, and density of states (DOS). The hydrogen bond network structure of the electric double layer (EDL) was studied for these small-molecule systems using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). The optimal adsorption configurations for H2S, COS, and DMS on the anatase TiO2(101) surface are 2Ob-vertical, O-down-vertical, and Ob-parallel, with adsorption energies of -1.32, -0.67, and -1.86 eV, respectively. The surface charge transfer was also investigated. Through comparative AIMD simulations of three different aqueous solutions on the TiO2(101) surface, we observed that COS exerts a more pronounced influence on the electrical double layer within 3.00 Å of the TiO2(101) surface. Specifically, the hydrogen atoms of water tend to aggregate toward the Ob atoms, forming hydrogen bonds, which significantly impacts the corrosion resistance of the TiO2 surface.