Objective: To analyze the status and epidemic trends of major chronic metabolic diseases among adults.
Methods: Using the "China Health and Nutrition Survey"(2009-2018)/"China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort Survey"(2022-2023), adults aged 18 years old and above from 10 provincial regions were selected as the study subjects. Those with missing demographic information and disease diagnosis were removed, and a total of 34 982 people were finally included from 2009, 2015, 2018 and 2023 waves. The prevalence trend of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia, as well as the differences in age, gender, urban/rural and regions were described and analyzed. Multiple logistics regression models were fitted to analyze the relations of various chronic metabolic diseases.
Results: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia among adults in 10 provincial regions increased from 31.71%, 10.86%, 34.96% and 11.39% in 2009 to 43.43%, 16.81%, 39.02% and 14.54% in 2023, respectively. Except for hyperuricemia, the prevalence of other chronic metabolic diseases increased with age. The prevalence of chronic metabolic diseases in males was significantly higher than that in females(P<0.01). Except for hypertension, the incidence of chronic metabolic diseases among urban residents was generally higher than that in rural areas(P<0.01), but the urban-rural difference was gradually decreasing. Regional differences showed different characteristics in each diseases. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in the north was higher than that in the south(P<0.01), however, the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the south was higher than that in the north(P<0.01). Suffering from one metabolic disease increased the risk of developing other metabolic diseases simultaneously.
Conclusion: From 2009 to 2023, the prevalence of major chronic metabolic diseases among adults has shown a significant increasing trend, with differences in age, gender, urban-rural areas, and regions.
Keywords: chronic metabolic diseases; diabetes; dyslipidemia; hypertension; hyperuricemia.