Urogynecologic Care for Women Who Are Incarcerated

Abstract

In the United States, approximately 180,700 women are incarcerated across jails and prisons, comprising a demographic with an aging population and a higher growth rate compared to men. Despite this demographic trend, research into urogynecologic care for women who are incarcerated is notably lacking, with few studies addressing pelvic floor disorders such as incontinence, and even fewer focusing on access to treatment options like vaginal pessaries or surgical interventions. Women who are incarcerated may face unique challenges in obtaining urogynecologic care, including limited access to medical evaluations, invasive search procedures affecting intravaginal device use, and inadequate hygiene resources, all of which hinder effective management strategies. Barriers to nonsurgical treatments like pelvic floor physical therapy are exacerbated by transportation logistics, while access to surgical interventions is impeded by complex approval processes within correctional facilities. In addition, managing incontinence with limited access to hygiene products and bathroom facilities further compromises the health and dignity of incarcerated women. Urgent attention and advocacy are needed to address disparities in research and clinical care for incarcerated populations. As a first step, we urge clinicians to acquaint themselves with the correctional facilities in their areas and the current health care pathways for women incarcerated in these facilities. It is our collective responsibility to ensure equitable and compassionate care for this vulnerable population.