Advanced detection of the protozoacide dimetridazole in complex fluids using cassiterite nanoparticles incorporated carbon black composite

Chandini Ragumoorthy; Nandini Nataraj; Tse-Wei Chen; Shen-Ming Chen; G Kiruthiga; Bih-Show Lou; Amal M Al-Mohaimeed; M Ajmal Ali; Mohamed S Elshikh

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142660

Advanced detection of the protozoacide dimetridazole in complex fluids using cassiterite nanoparticles incorporated carbon black composite

Food Chem. 2024 Dec 26:470:142660. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142660. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Chandini Ragumoorthy¹, Nandini Nataraj¹, Tse-Wei Chen², Shen-Ming Chen³, G Kiruthiga⁴, Bih-Show Lou⁵, Amal M Al-Mohaimeed⁶, M Ajmal Ali⁷, Mohamed S Elshikh⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
² Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: twchenchem@gmail.com.
³ Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Electronic address: smchen78@ms15.hinet.net.
⁴ Department of Physics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore 641 043, India.
⁵ Chemistry Division, Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan. Electronic address: blou@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 39742594
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142660

Abstract

Dimetridazole (DMT), a nitroimidazole used in veterinary medicine for treating protozoan infections, poses significant carcinogenic and mutagenic risks, necessitating precise monitoring to ensure food safety. We report the development of an advanced electrochemical sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a nanostructured cassiterite (SnO₂)/carbon black (CB) composite, synthesized via hydrothermal and sonochemical techniques. The sensor benefits from SnO₂'s high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and large bandgap, while CB enhances its performance with superior conductivity. Characterization through various techniques confirmed the composite's nanostructured morphology with an average particle size of 18 nm. Electrochemical analyses revealed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.004 μM, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.011 μM, and a wide linear range from 0.29 to 204.6 μM. The sensor demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.6 % and 2.3 %. It also exhibited notable storage stability, retaining 95.8 % of its initial response after 12 days. Real sample analyses showed impressive recovery rates of 97.5 % to 106.4 % for DMT in complex fluids such as food products, biological fluids, synthetic fluids, and environmental samples.