Prolonged fecal shedding of replication-competent virus, lasting immune activation, and intestinal inflammation in a rhesus macaque after experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection

Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 Dec 18:14:1505720. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1505720. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Infection of an adult rhesus macaque with SARS-CoV-2 led to viral RNAemia in nose, throat, and lungs. The animal also presented extended fecal shedding of viral genomic and subgenomic messenger RNA and replication-competent virus for more than 3 weeks after infection. Positron emission tomography revealed increased intestinal glucose metabolism which was histologically related to inflammation of the ileum. These findings highlight the potential of the virus to cause gastrointestinal infections in macaques like this is also regularly observed in COVID-19 patients and substantiates the probability of virus transmission via the fecal-oral route. This study further adds the importance of nonhuman primates as a valuable animal model to study SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.

Keywords: COVID-19; PET-CT; SARS-CoV-2; intestinal inflammation; rhesus macaque; virus shedding.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • COVID-19* / immunology
  • COVID-19* / pathology
  • COVID-19* / virology
  • Disease Models, Animal*
  • Feces* / virology
  • Inflammation
  • Lung / pathology
  • Lung / virology
  • Macaca mulatta*
  • RNA, Viral*
  • SARS-CoV-2*
  • Virus Replication*
  • Virus Shedding*

Substances

  • RNA, Viral

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by funding from the Biomedical Primate Research Centre.