Exploring the Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment Blood-Based Biomarkers after Local Antibiotic Periodontal Treatment in Diabetic Patients: Secondary Analysis of Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Aulia Ramadhani; Azusa Tanaka; Kumiko Minagawa; Sachiko Takehara; Takaho Yamada; Hirohito Sone; Noboru Kaneko; Kaname Nohno; Hiroshi Ogawa

doi:10.1055/s-0044-1795115

Exploring the Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment Blood-Based Biomarkers after Local Antibiotic Periodontal Treatment in Diabetic Patients: Secondary Analysis of Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Eur J Dent. 2024 Dec 30. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1795115. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Aulia Ramadhani^{1

2}, Azusa Tanaka³, Kumiko Minagawa¹, Sachiko Takehara¹, Takaho Yamada⁴, Hirohito Sone⁴, Noboru Kaneko¹, Kaname Nohno⁵, Hiroshi Ogawa¹

Affiliations

¹ Division of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
² Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
³ Niigata Public Health and Sanitation Center, Niigata, Japan.
⁴ Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
⁵ Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.

PMID: 39750521
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1795115

Abstract

Objectives: This article investigates the changes in blood-based biomarkers associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk in type 2 diabetic patients following local antibiotic periodontal treatment.

Materials and methods: A secondary analysis of data from a 24-week randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 27 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Participants received periodontal treatment biweekly from baseline until the 6th week of the study. Sixteen patients were assigned to an intervention group and received local antibiotic periodontal treatment (Periofol 2%). The outcomes were periodontal inflammation score, which was measured using periodontal inflamed surface area, the inflammation markers levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and interleukin [IL]-6), and MCI risk score, which was assessed using protein plasma analysis through blood test. The evaluations were performed at baseline and week 24th in both groups. The changes in periodontal inflammation scores, inflammation parameters, and MCI risk in baseline and week 24th were analyzed.

Statistical analysis: The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for within-group analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test was utilized for between-group analysis.

Results: Periodontal parameters were improved in both groups (p < 0.05). IL-6, complement C3, and alpha-2-antiplasmin levels were significantly decreased in the intervention group (p < 0.05). In between-group comparisons, there was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups in apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein C1, and alpha-1-B glycoprotein levels in week 24th (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Even though the periodontal status showed significant improvement after being given local antibiotic periodontal treatment, the changes in MCI risk proteins plasma remained unclear.

The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).