Machine learning-enhanced detection of chlorpyrifos using molecularly imprinted polymer-coated optical fibers

Ankit Mishra; Rajiv Maurya; Suraj Prakash; Chandan Singh Yadav; Abhishek Upadhyay; Ritu Singh; Meenakshi Singh; Vivek Singh

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127539

Machine learning-enhanced detection of chlorpyrifos using molecularly imprinted polymer-coated optical fibers

Talanta. 2025 Jan 4:286:127539. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127539. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Ankit Mishra¹, Rajiv Maurya¹, Suraj Prakash², Chandan Singh Yadav¹, Abhishek Upadhyay¹, Ritu Singh³, Meenakshi Singh³, Vivek Singh⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
² Department of Physics, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India.
³ Department of Chemistry, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
⁴ Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. Electronic address: viveks@bhu.ac.in.

PMID: 39765085
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127539

Abstract

This paper explores the use of large core declad optical fibers coated with molecularly imprinted polymers for chlorpyrifos detection, a key marker of organophosphate pesticides. The performance of sensor is evaluated using artificial neural networks and principal component analysis. By varying the declad length, the performance of molecularly imprinted polymer-coated fibers is compared to uncoated fibers, and both are used to identify commercial and pure samples of chlorpyrifos pesticides. Molecularly imprinted polymer-coated declad fiber sensors particularly those with longer declad lengths, exhibit significantly lower detection limits and higher sensitivity. The obtained maximum sensitivity, and minimum detection limit at 4 cm declad fiber length are 0.0027 mV/nM and 60.70 nM respectively. The results obtained also demonstrate that the artificial neural network can make an accurate prediction and the principal component analysis validates the efficacy of our molecularly imprinted polymer-coated fibers in chlorpyrifos detection.

Keywords: Chlorpyrifos; Declad optical fiber; Machine learning; Molecularly imprinted polymer; Sensing performance.