As the demand for efficient energy management increases, the need for extensive, high-quality energy data becomes critical. However, privacy concerns and insufficient data volume pose significant challenges. To address these issues, data synthesis techniques are employed to augment and replace real data. This paper introduces Doubly Structured Data Synthesis (DS2), a novel method to tackle privacy concerns in time-series energy-use data. DS2 synthesizes rate changes to maintain longitudinal information and uses calibration techniques to preserve the cross-sectional mean structure at each time point. Numerical analyses reveal that DS2 surpasses existing methods, such as Conditional Tabular GAN (CTGAN) and Transformer-based Time-Series Generative Adversarial Network (TTS-GAN), in capturing both time-series and cross-sectional characteristics. We evaluated our proposed method using metrics for data similarity, utility, and privacy. The results indicate that DS2 effectively retains the underlying characteristics of real datasets while ensuring adequate privacy protection. DS2 is a valuable tool for sharing and utilizing energy data, significantly enhancing energy demand prediction and management.
Keywords: data augmentation; data privacy; electronic energy use; energy data; energy management; synthetic data.