β-CD-MOF-based edible antimicrobial packaging film with humidity-controlled carvacrol release for preserving fresh strawberry

Carbohydr Polym. 2025 Mar 1:351:123133. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.123133. Epub 2024 Dec 10.

Abstract

The development of safe, environmentally friendly, edible antimicrobial packaging films represents a promising alternative to conventional plastic packaging for reducing spoilage and extending the shelf life of fresh food. Here, we propose a novel strategy to construct edible β-CD-MOF/carvacrol@zein (BCCZ) composite films by intertwining β-CD-MOF loaded with the antimicrobial essential oil carvacrol, and zein. The resulting BCCZ films exhibit high humidity-triggered, long-lasting bactericidal efficacy, effective fruit preservation, and excellent biosafety. Characterization revealed that BCCZ films possess a compact texture, hydrophilic surface, low water vapor permeability, and high humidity sensitivity. Additionally, this film act as a "storehouse" for carvacrol, enabling humidity-controlled release (96.3% release at 100% RH and only 12.0% at 43% RH on day 7). BCCZ film effectively inhibited Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli, and fungi (Botrytis cinerea) through the release of liquid-phase and vapor-phase carvacrols under both direct contact and indirect contact conditions in high humidity. Owing to the film's humidity-triggered, long-term release of carvacrol, strawberries packed in BCCZ films maintained their freshness and appearance significantly better after seven days of storage at 21 °C. This work provides valuable insights and holds promise for the design and commercial application of safe, environmentally friendly freshness-preserving packaging films.

Keywords: Antimicrobial efficacy; Edible composite film; Humidity-controlled release; Perishable food preservation; β-Cyclodextrin-metal-organic framework.

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Infective Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacology
  • Botrytis / drug effects
  • Cymenes* / chemistry
  • Cymenes* / pharmacology
  • Edible Films
  • Escherichia coli* / drug effects
  • Food Packaging* / methods
  • Food Preservation / methods
  • Fragaria* / microbiology
  • Humidity*
  • Metal-Organic Frameworks / chemistry
  • Metal-Organic Frameworks / pharmacology
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
  • Zein / chemistry

Substances

  • carvacrol
  • Cymenes
  • Metal-Organic Frameworks
  • Zein
  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents

Supplementary concepts

  • Botrytis cinerea