The gut microbiota-SCFA-inflammation axis in patients with AECOPD

PLoS One. 2025 Jan 9;20(1):e0312606. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312606. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the alteration of microbiota and SCFA in gut and inflammation in acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients, and to test the hypothesis that a disorder of gut microbiota will lead to the alteration of SCFA, which will aggravate inflammation in AECOPD patients.

Methods and results: 24 patients with AECOPD and 18 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA and serum was used to detect levels of inflammatory factors by ELISA. Fatty acid concentrations were determined in lumen via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The richness and diversity of gut microbiota were decreased in AECOPD patients. β-diversity analysis revealed differences between AECOPD patients and healthy controls. p_Bacteroidetes, g_Paraprevotella, g_Ruminococcus2, g_Parasutterella, o_Rhodospirillales, and g_Romboutsia in the healthy controls and p_Firmicutes, o_Actinomycetales, f_Actinomycetadeae, g_Actinomyces, g_Mogibacterium, f_Veillonellaceae, f_Enterococcaceae, and g_Enterococcus in AECOPD patients were the most abundant microbiota. SCFA levels were decreased in patients with AECOPD. In addition, the results demonstrated that except for a reduction in IL-6, there was no change in inflammatory markers in AECOPD patients.

Conclusion: In AECOPD patients, the gut microbiota-SCFA-inflammation axis is augmented, with decreased diversity and abundance of gut microbiota, leading to a reduction in SCFA and an imbalance of inflammation.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Fatty Acids, Volatile / blood
  • Fatty Acids, Volatile / metabolism
  • Female
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
  • Humans
  • Inflammation* / microbiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* / blood
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* / microbiology
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics

Substances

  • Fatty Acids, Volatile
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (81973590), the Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province (2019309530), Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY18H290008), the Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province (2020360935), Science and Technology Plan Project of Jinhua City (2022-4 -384) and Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Postgraduate Scientific Research Fund Project (Y202351279) provided financial support in the form of researcher funding. The sponsor had no role in the design or conduct of this research.