Endoaortic calcific proliferation is a rare condition which causes progressive occlusion of the aortic lumen by endoluminal concretions. Symptoms are related to the resulting ischaemia and systemic hypertension caused by increased cardiac afterload. The authors report an exceptional case with a descending thoracic aortic lesion causing symptoms suggesting medullary ischaemia by partial occlusion of arteries supplying the spinal cord. The physiopathological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches are discussed with respect to a review of the literature.