Trends in the incidence rate of uveal melanoma in Israel during the period 1961-1989 among Jews of various geographical origins and among non-Jews were examined, and found to be stable over time. Based on data of the Israel Cancer Registry, 515 cases were included in the final study population after an independent case-finding ascertainment survey. The average annual incidence rate per million for all Jews was 5.7 for both males and females; the rates for non-Jews were: males 1.6, females 1.3. Incidence rates within the Jewish sub-populations show significant differences. The highest rates by sub-population were for Jews born in Europe or America (7.5 for males and for females), followed by Jews born in Israel (males 6.8, females 6.7); and lowest in Jews born in Africa (males 2.1, females 2.3) and Asia (males 1.6, females 2.8). Jews born in Israel had rates lower than Jews born in Europe and America during the 1960s, but in the 1980s the situation was reversed. Results suggest that rate differences between population groups and over time stem from constitutional factors or from the direct or indirect effect of sunlight radiation, whether early in life or from cumulative exposure.