Ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial and Kupffer cells and their phagocytic activities were studied in rabbits with grave posthemorrhagic iron deficiency anemia. Morphologic characteristics of depressed mitochondrial function and cellular plastic processes were observed in all liver cells. Necrobiotic changes in endothelial and Kupffer cells were discovered. Kupffer cells phagocytic capacity was decreased, this being shown by latex particles phagocytosis. The share of secondary lysosomes with more labile membranes increased 2-3-fold, this being a risk factor in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia with lysosomotropic agents, including iron-containing ones.