Some of the causes which may account for the high incidence of tuberculosis in children in our environment have been analyzed. Twelve cases of tuberculosis have been included in the study (seven pulmonary cases, two cases of bone tuberculosis, one nodosum erythema and one miliary tuberculosis in an HIV positive patient). Based upon our series, we report on some mistakes in the diagnosis, specific treatment and chemoprophylaxis. We have tried to briefly outline the steps which should be taken to overcome these problems.