Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) is an immune disease characterized by the destruction of antibody-coated platelets in the reticuloendothelial system. It is a relatively common hematologic problem. The diagnosis is established by exclusion of differential diagnoses. Clinically, an acute and a chronic form of AITP can be distinguished. We discuss the different treatment modalities based upon data provided by various studies on AITP. If treatment with glucocorticoids or with immunoglobulins fails, or after unsuccessful splenectomy, then experimental treatment strategies may have to be used. Some of these treatments are described with reference to their mode of action and therapeutic benefit.