Flexibility in the second half-site sequence recognised by the c-Myb R2 domain--in vitro and in vivo analysis

Oncogene. 1996 Sep 5;13(5):1043-51.

Abstract

The oncoprotein c-Myb is a transcription factor that recognises its specific target sequences through two subdomains. The R3-domain binds the first half-site, YAAC, and plays a dominant role in sequence recognition, while the homologous R2-domain interacts with a more loosely defined sequence in the second half-site. The difficulty in precisely defining a preferred second half-site sequence might reflect the flexible nature of R2 which only attains its fully folded structure upon binding to DNA, a process that might allow the protein to adapt to different half-site sequences. Here we report that shifting the most conserved base in the second half-site, the G6, into position 5 resulted only in a minor reduction of complex stability in vitro. From an analysis of a series of second half-site variants by EMSA and DMS-interference, we conclude that the preferred recognition sequence should be revised to read [YAACNG or YAACGN]. Modeling the structure of c-Myb R2R3 in complex with a GT half-site variant revealed specific interactions with G5. When second half-site variants were tested in vivo using a sensitive yeast effector-reporter system, both the TG and GT half-site variants were functional mediating c-Myb-dependent transactivation. Unexpectedly, we observed large differences between the best second half-site variants at low levels of c-Myb-effector, the GG variant being five- to fifteen-fold more active in vivo than the single-G half-sites, the GH or HG variants.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Binding Sites
  • DNA / chemistry
  • DNA / metabolism
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Electrophoresis / methods
  • Genes, Reporter
  • Guanosine / metabolism
  • Methylation
  • Models, Molecular
  • Mutation
  • Nucleic Acid Conformation
  • Protein Conformation
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / chemistry*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb
  • Trans-Activators / chemistry*
  • Trans-Activators / genetics
  • Trans-Activators / metabolism*
  • Transcriptional Activation
  • Yeasts / genetics

Substances

  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb
  • Trans-Activators
  • Guanosine
  • DNA