The authors report their experience in the percutaneous treatment of the iliac compression syndrome in three women (20-53 years old) with acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis; in one case, there was an additional thrombus in the inferior caval vein. They were treated by percutaneous implantation of Palmaz stents in the left common iliac vein 1 day after surgical thrombectomy and construction of an arterial venous fistula. All patients showed marked improvement, as determined from venograms obtained immediately after stent implantation. The arteriovenous fistulae were closed 3 months later. At 6 months follow-up, the median clinical and color-coded duplex ultrasound indicates that all stents are patent and all patients are free of symptoms.