Purpose: We attempted to select patients for surgery of post-chemotherapy residual mass in advanced seminoma.
Materials and methods: A total of 55 patients with advanced seminoma underwent surgical exploration of a mass seen on computerized tomography (CT) after chemotherapy. Residual masses were defined radiographically as smaller or larger than 3 cm. and as well defined or poorly defined. Surgery consisted of complete resection of the mass and surrounding lymph nodes or multiple biopsies at sites of disease.
Results: Of the 55 patients 32 (58%) had masses resected and 23 (42%) underwent multiple biopsies. Of 27 patients with a post-chemotherapy 3 cm. or larger mass on CT 8 (30%) had residual tumor (seminoma in 6 and teratoma in 2), whereas necrotic tissue was found in the other 28 patients having a mass smaller than 3 cm. Well defined masses on CT were resected in 78% of patients and poorly defined masses could be resected in only 44%. Of the 8 patients with positive histology 6 remain alive and disease-free after complete resection of a well defined, larger than 3 cm. mass containing viable tumor, and 2 with a poorly defined mass died after biopsy only of residual seminoma despite salvage therapy. Three other patients who underwent complete resection of necrotic masses subsequently had relapse at distant sites and died. Median followup was 47 months (range 5 +/- 153+ months).
Conclusions: Patients with advanced seminoma who have a residual mass smaller than 3 cm. after chemotherapy do not benefit from surgery. For patients with a residual mass 3 cm. or larger we prefer surgery to define response, resect viable tumor when possible and direct further treatment.