The objective of this work was to evaluate the frequency and features of Jaccoud's syndrome of the hands in patients with overlap syndrome. Twenty-three patients with overlap syndrome were prospectively evaluated by means of a complete physical examination, serological assessment, and hand X-rays. The presence of Jaccoud's syndrome was defined by Kahn's criteria. Patients with or without Jaccoud's arthropathy were compared in their clinical, serological and radiological features. Five out of 23 patients (21.7%) presented Jaccoud's syndrome. Clinical and serological features of patients with or without the syndrome proved similar except for alignment abnormalities, which by definition were more frequent in the group with Jaccoud. A significantly greater number of patients meeting diagnostic criteria for SLE were observed in the Jaccoud group (80% versus 21%; p = 0.03). There was no other disease or associated condition such as chronic renal failure or high-dose steroid treatment concomitant with the development of Jaccoud's syndrome. It may be concluded that in patients with overlap syndrome, Jaccoud' arthropathy seems to be more frequent in patients who meet criteria for SLE.