To understand the difference in energy metabolisms in brown (BAT) and white (WAT) adipose tissues, we examined the steady-state transcript levels of the heart-type and adipose-type fatty acid binding proteins (H-FABP and A-FABP, respectively) by Northern blot analysis. The transcript of H-FABP in rat BAT was increased about 100-fold by cold exposure, whereas that in WAT was negligible, and was increased only slightly by cold exposure. The transcript of A-FABP was observed in both BAT and WAT, the level being slightly greater in WAT. However, its transcript level was not affected by cold exposure in either adipose tissue. In addition, on treatment with norepinephrine (NE), transcript level of H-FABP was elevated markedly but that of A-FABP was not changed in rat brown adipocytes. Therefore, the stimulatory effect of cold exposure on the transcript of H-FABP in BAT was concluded to be mediated by NE, like that of the uncoupling protein (UCP). Thus, the expressions of H-FABP and UCP may be controlled by the same mechanism.