The composition of the neutral essential oil from the pericarp of Trichosanthes rosthornii was analysed by means of GC and GC-MS-DS. A total of 61 compounds were identified. The major constituents were dibutyl phthalate, methyl hexadecanoate, phenanthrene, fluranthene and 3-methyl phenanthrene. The total contents of identified compounds accounted for 80.17% of the neutral essential oil.