Retrieval from temporally organized situation models

J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1998 Sep;24(5):1224-37. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.24.5.1224.

Abstract

Time is an important part of establishing situations in the world. As such, temporal information should be reflected in the organization of information into situation models. This article reports 3 experiments that explore whether people will integrate sets of related facts into situation models in a time-based fashion. People memorized lists of facts and then took a speeded recognition test. A retrieval interference methodology was used to assess whether they had integrated the facts into situation models. The presence of interference indicated a lack of integration. In contrast, a marked reduction or an absence in interference indicated integration. In 2 experiments, time-based integration was observed when common time periods were referred to by either events (e.g., "when the camera flashed") or verb tense (i.e., past, present, and future). A 3rd experiment demonstrated that common time periods alone are not sufficient; the information must be allowed to occur potentially within the same situation.

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Learning / physiology
  • Memory / physiology*
  • Reaction Time
  • Time Factors