The efficacy of valproate for the management of adults with bipolar disorder has been repeatedly demonstrated in several studies. Patients with mixed states, rapid cycling, and EEG abnormalities have been shown to respond favorably to valproate. Valproate is also being increasingly used in disorders with aggressive or agitated features, such as the behavioral disorders of dementia; yet, few studies have documented the utility of valproate in geriatric patients. The need to document safe and effective pharmacologic agents to treat geriatric mood and behavioral disorders continues to increase with the growing elderly population. We conducted a retrospective study of the use of valproate in patients consecutively hospitalized over a 5-year period on a psychiatric unit. Thirty-nine patients over age 60 were identified and then categorized into non-, partial, and full responders based on Clinical Global Impression ratings. Information on diagnosis, age, valproate dose and serum concentration, psychiatric symptoms, medical comorbidity, concurrent psychotropic medications, and side effects was collected. Results suggest that responders to valproate (full or partial) over the age of 60 years were more likely to be female, younger, carry a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, and achieve higher serum valproate concentrations. Full responders had fewer psychotic symptoms but usually displayed manic symptoms. The date of this study suggests the need for controlled clinical trials to clarify the utility and clinical predictors of response to valproate in the geriatric population.