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Year Number of Results
1886 1
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1917 1
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1930 1
1932 1
1936 2
1937 1
1939 1
1947 1
1950 3
1951 6
1952 2
1953 2
1954 3
1956 2
1957 1
1958 1
1959 1
1960 2
1961 2
1962 4
1963 1
1964 1
1965 1
1966 5
1967 6
1968 5
1969 1
1970 4
1971 8
1972 4
1973 9
1974 5
1975 13
1976 10
1977 10
1978 19
1979 17
1980 17
1981 24
1982 47
1983 36
1984 45
1985 62
1986 66
1987 309
1988 665
1989 651
1990 870
1991 948
1992 1014
1993 1092
1994 1171
1995 1187
1996 1347
1997 1376
1998 1564
1999 1527
2000 1779
2001 1993
2002 2096
2003 2241
2004 2444
2005 2808
2006 2949
2007 3155
2008 3394
2009 3593
2010 3867
2011 4161
2012 4480
2013 5089
2014 6579
2015 7474
2016 8059
2017 8780
2018 9378
2019 10090
2020 12091
2021 13624
2022 13333
2023 12311
2024 13987
2025 221

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156,751 results

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Page 1
Reversal of hyperactive higher-order thalamus attenuates defensiveness in a mouse model of PTSD.
Xi K, Xiao H, Huang X, Yuan Z, Liu M, Mao H, Liu H, Ma G, Cheng Z, Xie Y, Liu Y, Feng D, Wang W, Guo B, Wu S. Xi K, et al. Sci Adv. 2023 Feb 3;9(5):eade5987. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5987. Epub 2023 Feb 3. Sci Adv. 2023. PMID: 36735778 Free PMC article.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disease often accompanied by severe defensive behaviors, preventing individuals from integrating into society. However, the neural mechanisms of defensiveness in PTSD remain larg …
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disease often accompanied by severe defensive …
Aposematism in mammals.
Howell N, Sheard C, Koneru M, Brockelsby K, Ono K, Caro T. Howell N, et al. Evolution. 2021 Oct;75(10):2480-2493. doi: 10.1111/evo.14320. Epub 2021 Aug 18. Evolution. 2021. PMID: 34347894
In mammals, most research has focused on just one form of defense, namely, noxious anal secretions, and its black-and-white advertisement as exemplified by skunks. ...We show that black-and-white coloration in mammals is multifunctional, that it serves to warn predators of …
In mammals, most research has focused on just one form of defense, namely, noxious anal secretions, and its black-and-white advertise …
Plant-arthropod interactions: who is the winner?
Stahl E, Hilfiker O, Reymond P. Stahl E, et al. Plant J. 2018 Feb;93(4):703-728. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13773. Epub 2017 Dec 20. Plant J. 2018. PMID: 29160609 Free article. Review.
During feeding they release chemical cues that allow plants to detect the attack and mount an efficient defense response. A signaling cascade triggers the expression of hundreds of genes, which encode defensive proteins and enzymes for synthesis of toxic metabolites …
During feeding they release chemical cues that allow plants to detect the attack and mount an efficient defense response. A signaling …
Towards an ecology of protective coloration.
Caro T, Koneru M. Caro T, et al. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2021 Apr;96(2):611-641. doi: 10.1111/brv.12670. Epub 2020 Dec 1. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2021. PMID: 33258554 Review.
Here, we first outline which types of defensive coloration strategies may be exhibited by the same individual; concluding that many protective coloration mechanisms can be employed simultaneously, particularly in conjunction with background matching. ...Examination of near …
Here, we first outline which types of defensive coloration strategies may be exhibited by the same individual; concluding that many p …
Phages reconstitute NAD+ to counter bacterial immunity.
Osterman I, Samra H, Rousset F, Loseva E, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Yirmiya E, Millman A, Sorek R. Osterman I, et al. Nature. 2024 Oct;634(8036):1160-1167. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07986-w. Epub 2024 Sep 25. Nature. 2024. PMID: 39322677
Bacteria defend against phage infection through a variety of antiphage defence systems(1). Many defence systems were recently shown to deplete cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) in response to infection, by cleaving NAD(+) into ADP-ribose (ADPR) and …
Bacteria defend against phage infection through a variety of antiphage defence systems(1). Many defence systems were recently …
The convergence between defence and care in mammals.
Vieira JB, Olsson A. Vieira JB, et al. Trends Cogn Sci. 2024 Aug;28(8):714-725. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.011. Epub 2024 May 14. Trends Cogn Sci. 2024. PMID: 38749809 Review.
In light of this evidence, we propose that neural mechanisms implicated in self-defence may have been repurposed through evolution to enable the protection of others, and that defence and care may be convergent rather than conflicting functions. Finally, we present …
In light of this evidence, we propose that neural mechanisms implicated in self-defence may have been repurposed through evolution to …
The defense island repertoire of the Escherichia coli pan-genome.
Hochhauser D, Millman A, Sorek R. Hochhauser D, et al. PLoS Genet. 2023 Apr 6;19(4):e1010694. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010694. eCollection 2023 Apr. PLoS Genet. 2023. PMID: 37023146 Free PMC article.
It has become clear in recent years that anti-phage defense systems cluster non-randomly within bacterial genomes in so-called "defense islands". ...Each mobile genetic element type has a preferred integration position but can carry a diverse variety of defensive …
It has become clear in recent years that anti-phage defense systems cluster non-randomly within bacterial genomes in so-called "de …
The evolution and ecology of multiple antipredator defences.
Kikuchi DW, Allen WL, Arbuckle K, Aubier TG, Briolat ES, Burdfield-Steel ER, Cheney KL, Daňková K, Elias M, Hämäläinen L, Herberstein ME, Hossie TJ, Joron M, Kunte K, Leavell BC, Lindstedt C, Lorioux-Chevalier U, McClure M, McLellan CF, Medina I, Nawge V, Páez E, Pal A, Pekár S, Penacchio O, Raška J, Reader T, Rojas B, Rönkä KH, Rößler DC, Rowe C, Rowland HM, Roy A, Schaal KA, Sherratt TN, Skelhorn J, Smart HR, Stankowich T, Stefan AM, Summers K, Taylor CH, Thorogood R, Umbers K, Winters AE, Yeager J, Exnerová A. Kikuchi DW, et al. J Evol Biol. 2023 Jul;36(7):975-991. doi: 10.1111/jeb.14192. Epub 2023 Jun 26. J Evol Biol. 2023. PMID: 37363877 Free article. Review.
Prey seldom rely on a single type of antipredator defence, often using multiple defences to avoid predation. In many cases, selection in different contexts may favour the evolution of multiple defences in a prey. ...In this review, we aim to build a comprehen …
Prey seldom rely on a single type of antipredator defence, often using multiple defences to avoid predation. In many cases, se …
Stabbing Spines: A review of the Biomechanics and Evolution of Defensive Spines.
Crofts SB, Stankowich T. Crofts SB, et al. Integr Comp Biol. 2021 Sep 8;61(2):655-667. doi: 10.1093/icb/icab099. Integr Comp Biol. 2021. PMID: 34038530 Review.
Spines are ubiquitous in both plants and animals, and while most spines were likely originally used for defense, over time many have been modified in a variety of ways. Here we take an integrative approach to review the form, function, and evolution of spines as a defen …
Spines are ubiquitous in both plants and animals, and while most spines were likely originally used for defense, over time many have …
Research in Defense Mechanisms: What Do We Stand?
Tavoloni V, Garofani J, Di Giuseppe M, Juli G, Muzi L, Innamorati M, Nappa MR. Tavoloni V, et al. Psychiatr Danub. 2024 Sep;36(Suppl 2):20-26. Psychiatr Danub. 2024. PMID: 39378447 Free article. Review.
Conceptual contributions and empirical findings on the relationship between defenses and personality, as well as between defensive styles and psychopathology (e.g., eating, depressive, and personality disorders) were described. Findings showed that defense me …
Conceptual contributions and empirical findings on the relationship between defenses and personality, as well as between defensive …
156,751 results
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